History of Dutch Colonialism in Indonesia from Beginning to End

The beginning of the arrival of the Netherlands to the State of Indonesia1956 is the beginning of the arrival of the Netherlands to the State of Indonesia. Four ships led by Pieter Keyzer and Cornelis de Houtman reached the port of Banten after traveling for over a year. Unfortunately, the visit from this Dutch ship to the Banten area was less welcomed due to the arrogant nature shown by Cornelis de Houtman. Then two years later, precisely in 1958 the Dutch tried again back to Indonesia under the leadership of Jacob Van Neck, and they were welcomed by the Banten rulers at that time because they had learned from the mistakes of Cornelis de Houtman. Finally, the Dutch are allowed to trade in the port area of ​​Banten. The original aim of the Netherlands was to trade spices, but after they had gained abundant profits and discovered the spice source, the Dutch began to trade and trade Dutch colonialism in Indonesia began.

History of the Establishment and Dissolution of Dutch VOC in Indonesia

On March 20, 1602, the Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC abbreviated was established by the Netherlands which is a trade body or company with monopoly rights to trade in the Asian region. VOCs based in Batavia (now Jakarta) are also called by the name of the East India Company because they want to compete with a company founded by the British named VWC which has the nickname as the East India Company. The objectives of the VOC establishment are as follows:

1. Trying to control both the important ports and the kingdoms in the territory of Indonesia.

2. Conducting trade monopoly.

3. Overcoming the existing competition between Dutch merchants and other European traders.

The VOC trade monopoly was conducted in a violent manner against the population that originated from the spice-producing regions of Indonesia. In addition, they also prohibit and threaten non-Dutch people if they wish to trade with locals from the spice-producing regions. For example, when the Banda population tried to sell nutmeg seeds to England, the Dutch attacked and killed all residents of Banda. Finally, the Dutch decided to fill the Banda region with slaves and other workers to produce nutmeg seeds. Because of the act of the VOC, they must face political problems and fight against leaders in the areas of Banten and Mataram.

In 1799, the VOC, which experienced many problems and eventually went bankrupt. Here are the reasons for VOC dissolution:

    Many VOC employees are not very good at controlling the monopoly of trade, in addition they are also many who do corruption.

    VOC debt is increasingly piling up due to the war with the UK and also the people of Indonesia itself.

    The rulers are declining morally as a result of the monopoly system.

    Many VOC warriors are killed in battle.

    The mandatory rules and obligations submitted to fill the VOC's cash did not work properly.

For the reasons above, the history of Dutch colonialism in Indonesia through the VOC ended.

In 1799, the VOC, which experienced many problems and eventually went bankrupt. Here are the reasons for VOC dissolution:

    Many VOC employees are not very good at controlling the monopoly of trade, in addition they are also many who do corruption.
    VOC debt is increasingly piling up due to the war with the UK and also the people of Indonesia itself.
    The rulers are declining morally as a result of the monopoly system.
    Many VOC warriors are killed in battle.
    The mandatory rules and obligations submitted to fill the VOC's cash did not work properly.
For the reasons above, the history of Dutch colonialism in Indonesia through the VOC ended.
The beginning of the establishment of the Dutch East Indies Government in IndonesiaThe French emperor Napoleon Bonaparte raised Louis Bonaperte as emperor of the Netherlands. Then after being appointed King, Louis Bonaparte appointed Herman Willem Daendels as governor-general for Indonesia. His job was to organize the Indonesian government, to defend against British troops against Java, and to manage financial problems. However, under his rule Daendels has violated the law by selling state-owned land to private persons. Therefore, by order of Napoleon Daendels withdrawn from his post. But before Daendels was withdrawn, during his reign Daendels had much harm to the people of Indonesia and the misery of the people. He exploits both natural wealth and Indonesian labor.
The position of the Indonesian governor-general has undergone several changes. After Daendels then the governor general Janssens turn to power and when Indonesia entered the government of Van Den Bosch in which the system of forced cultivation was run that led to poverty, and hunger of the people of Indonesia. On the other hand, the Netherlands has many advantages in the financial sector due to the system of forced cultivation.
When the system of forced cultivation is abolished then the emergence of open door politics where foreign investment is allowed. Although forced cultivation has been abolished, the fact that open door politics still causes suffering for the people of Indonesia. This triggered the resistance of the Indonesian people in various regions such as Diponegoro war, Bali war, Pader war, Banjar war, Aceh war, Farmers Protest Movement, and so on. As more and more people against the Dutch colonial Dutch in Indonesia began to signify the end.
The end of Dutch Indies Colonization in IndonesiaThe Dutch colonization of Indonesia really ended when the Japanese government launched the attack. On February 27, 1942 the Japanese army managed to defeat the combined fleet of the United States, England, the Netherlands, and Australia. Later, under the leadership of Lt. Gen. Hitoshi Imamura, the Japanese army began to set foot on Java Island. There Lieutenant General Hitoshi Imamura threatened to attack the Dutch if not immediately surrender. In the end after the continuous defeat of the Japanese, Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer as the Dutch East Indies General surrendered and was arrested. This is a sign of the beginning of the Japanese colonial period in Indonesia as well as the end of Dutch colonial history in Indonesia.