South aceh history and southeast aceh map

 Topography used to be a saga of Southeast Aceh is a large lake, formed in prehistoric times. In fact this can be seen from the number of village or area names that still use the word pulo (island), tip, and headland, such as Pulo Piku, Pulonas, Pulo Kemiri, Pulo Gadung, Pulo Latong, Tanjung, Kuta Gerat, Kuta Ujung, and West End. In addition, there are many graves found on top of the mountain, such as the grave of the King of God on Mount Lawe Sikap, the grave of Commander Seridane on the Rocky Stone, and the Long Commander's grave on top of the Long Mountain. The name of the base itself is believed to be derived from the base word meaningful mat or grounding in the form of a very wide field.
Kutacane is the capital of Southeast Aceh Regency, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Geographically, Southeast Aceh Regency is located between 3055'23 "-4016'37" LU and 96043'23'-98010'32 "BT. In the north it is bordered by Gayo Lues Regency, in the east with North Sumatera Province and East Aceh Regency, south to South Aceh Regency, Aceh Singkil Regency and North Sumatera Province, and to the west with South Aceh Regency. Kutacane is the entrance to Gunung Leuser National Park (TNGL) from Aceh, reaching approximately 5-6 hours by land through Karo District from Medan, North Sumatra.

Region of Southeast Aceh Regency (Agara) is located at an altitude of 25-1000 meters above sea level, in the form of hilly and mountainous areas. Some of the area is a natural reserve area of ​​Gunung Leuser National Park. Air temperature ranges from 25 to 32 Celsius.

In the long history of Southeast Aceh Regency government, it started from the formation of government throughout Aceh in early 1946 by grouping the areas that are "in the middle" of Aceh, namely Takengon, Gayo Lues, and Tanah Alas into one keluhakan called Keluhakan Aceh Tengah . The capital of keluhakan is planned to rotate every six months between Takengon, Blangkejeren, and Kutacane. Very long distances and very long travel time between Kutacane to Takengon, about 250 km traveled within 5-8 days on foot, or if using the vehicle must go through Medan, East Aceh, and Aceh Utara with a distance of about 850 km, Causing the implementation of government does not run effectively. Moreover, on 21 September 1953 erupted the Aceh Incident (Daud Bereueh), which prompted several figures from North Sumatra to try to incorporate the Tanah Alas region into the area of ​​North Sumatra. But this effort did not get the support of the people in Tanah Alas. In 1956 the Central Government realized that one of the causes of the eruption of the Aceh Incident was the melting of Aceh Province into the province of North Sumatra and decided to restore the province's status to Aceh. This further encouraged leaders in Tanah Alas and Gayo Lues to form their own districts, regardless of the district of Central Aceh. After going through the struggle tirelessly, finally Major Syahadat managed to convince Pangkowilhan I Letjend. Koesno Oetomo to de facto declare endorsed Tanah Alas and Gayo Area to Southeast Aceh Regency on 14 November 1967. In 1974, after struggling for 17 years since 1956, the Government finally issued Law no. 4 of 1974 on the Formation of Southeast Aceh Regency and its inauguration was made by the Minister of Home Affairs H. Amir Machmud on June 26, 1974 in a solemn event in Kutacane. On that day also the Governor of the Special Region of Aceh A. Muzakkir Walad inaugurated Major Syahadat as the Regent of Southeast Aceh Regency. On 24 July 1975 the Major Creed was definitively appointed as the first Regent of Southeast Aceh. The next Bupati after H. Syahadat (held from 1975 to 1981) was T. Djohan Syahbudin, SH, (1981-1986), Drs. H. T. Iskandar, (period 1986-1991), Drs. H. Syahbuddin BP (period 1991-2001), H. Armen Desky (period 2001-2006) and Ir. Hasanuddin B (since 2006 until now).

Then on 10 April 2002 the district was divided into Southeast Aceh District and Gayo Lues District based on Law No. 4 of 2002.

Administratively, since its formation in 1974 until 2013, Southeast Aceh Regency is divided into 16 districts, one kelurahan, and 385 villages. A total of 282 villages are located in the valley and 103 villages are located on the slopes of Gunung Leuser and Bukit Barisan National Parks. The sixteen sub-districts in Southeast Aceh are: Lawe Alas, Lawe Sigala-Gala, Babul Makmur, Bambel, Babussalam, Badar, Darul Hasanah, Lawe Moon, Bukit Tusam, Semadam, and Babul Rahmah, Deleng Pokhkisen, Tanoh Alas, Leuser, Ketambe, Babul Makmur and Lawe Well.

Southeast Aceh Regency known as Alas Valley, is very rich in tourist objects. The development of tourism in Southeast Aceh is directed at the utilization of the tourism sector to increase local revenue with an emphasis on natural tourism. The goal of tourism development is to increase the flow of foreign tourists and domestic tourists from year to year.

Gutel- Cimpe Foods of the People

This one snack has been very popular among the people of Central / Southeast Aceh, Tanah Karo, and even known also in South Tapanuli (Mandailing).

This typical food, making it slightly different way when compared with some areas that make as a typical snack. So in the case of the mention of the name. In Kalak Alas (Red-Orang Alas) usually refer to this food as cimpe.

While in Gayo to know this food with a different name of the gutel. In Karo called cimpa unung. The way of making and presenting it is slightly different for both the cimpe, cimpa unung, and gutel names, but the ingredients are the same.

Examples of the difference alone before steamed cimpe will be wrapped on pandan leaves while on unung cimpa wrapped with banana leaves or palm leaves. While in Gayo there are wrapped with banana leaves there are also directly steamed, without the pads first.

The ingredients we need to prepare and how to make it are rice flour, grated coconut, brown sugar plus white sugar (there are also palm sugar and red). Then stirred all after it was thrown using the hands to form oval. Then wrapped with pandan leaves, the final stage is cimpe / gutel steamed for 20 or 30 minutes...

The legend of El Dorado and the treasures of Lake Guatavita

A city made of gold with its king which is also wrapped in gold dust, the legend of El Dorado has become one of the most interesting legends to tell. Many people say that this legend is just an imagination, but in fact some of El Dorado's secret is arguably revealed and Guatavita lake is one of them.

This is a short story about El Dorado.

When Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas, the story of a new world rich in gold came to Europe. Not long after, the Spanish conquerors began to enter the civilization of Central and South America including the Aztec and the Incas.

Francisco Pizzaro (1475-1541), who succeeded in conquering the rich Incan civilization in the 1530s believed that elsewhere on the continent was still hidden great treasures of great value.

It did not take long for him to get confirmation about this.

Shortly after the conquest, a messenger from an unknown tribe emerged in Peru, where the Inca empire, with a message for the Inca King. this messenger did not know that the Inca kingdom had been conquered by Pizarro.

After being interrogated by Spanish soldiers, the messenger said that he was a member of one of the tribes in the Bogota area. Interestingly, this messenger also told of another kingdom in the same region where his King was covered with gold dust and swam in a golden lake.

The legend they heard was then called El Dorado which means "Golden Plated Man".

Interested in getting more gold, the Spanish conquerors then sent at least five major expeditions to find El Dorado.

One of the expeditions sent was an expedition led by Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada who departed in 1536.

Together with his 500 soldiers, he went into the dense wilderness that now includes the territory of Columbia. After exploring long enough and encountering various obstacles, Quesada and his team found the rich Chibca tribe. However, they did not find the golden king and the golden lake sought.

However, the tribe told Quesada about a mysterious lake in a mountain crater on the Andes plateau in Bogota called Guatavita. According to them, every year, in the lake, a mysterious ceremony is performed by a local tribe named Muisca as an offering to their god.

The king, also called Zipa, will be covered with mud which is then coated again with gold dust. After that, he along with the other tribal elders will row a raft containing silver gold and other jewelry to the middle of the lake.

Once up in the middle, they will throw the silver gold into the lake. Then the king will plunge into the lake to rid his body of gold dust and mud covering his body.

Hearing this extraordinary story, Quesada decides to look for El Dorado.

He could not find the Muisca tribe or the golden city in question, but he managed to find the lake of Guatavita.

When this discovery was announced to Spain, an attempt was made to dredge the lake in 1545. This effort was led by Hernan Perez de Quesada, brother of Jimenez de Quesada.

Quesada uses the workers to dry the lake with giant buckets. After three months, the water level of the lake dropped about 3 meters and Quesada managed to get 18 kilograms of gold from it.

In the 1580s, a trader from Bogota named Antonio de Sepulvada mobilized 8,000 locals in an attempt to dry the lake by making water gates on the lake side. He managed to reduce the surface of the lake to 20 meters.

In this way he managed to find gold in considerable quantities. But then the lake side collapsed and killed many workers. The project was later canceled.

Today, we can still see the clipped side of the lake, the remnants of Sepulvada's efforts.

In the following years, the European ambition to find El Dorado reappeared when a mysterious man named Juan Martinez told of a golden city called Manoa. This city could be related to the legend of El Dorado, but it could not. To be sure, Europeans increasingly believe that the American continent to store wealth in large numbers.

Martinez recalled that he was an ammunition watchdog on a Spanish ship exploring the Caroni River connected to the Orinoco River. Their vessels roam the river deep into the jungle. However, the observed munition warehouse exploded so that this exploration was canceled. As a punishment for Martinez, he was left in the river by a canoe.

Then, Martinez confessed to meeting a group of friendly indian tribe members. They closed Martinez's eyes with cloth and took them to their kingdom called Manoa. Martinez said that Manoa King's palace that he visited was made of gold.

In 1586, this story reached the ears of Sir Walter Raleigh, a prominent explorer who founded the legendary Roanoke Island colony.

In 1595, Raleigh and his colleagues sailed across the Orinoco River in South America to find Manoa. However, the expedition did not produce anything. Interestingly, they found the Spanish Ship Anchor Martinez that was left when the explosion occurred on the ship. So, at least part of Martinez's story can be trusted.

Although it does not find Manoa's golden empire, Raleigh brings numerous samples of exotic flora and fauna and a beautiful stone that marks the extraordinary natural wealth of the place. Raleigh even wrote a book about his explorations.

Raleigh himself believes that the city of Manoa is actually located in the Parime lake area behind the mountains of Guyana region. It even provides a very accurate map of where this walayah is.

In 1618, Raleigh again made a second expedition to find the city at the expense of the British Empire. But this expedition also failed to bring results.

The story of El Dorado did not stop in medieval times. The explorers of the next centuries are still trying to find the golden city. Nevertheless, the concern for Lake Guatavita has never subsided.

In 1911, a gold-making company again tried his luck on Lake Guatavita. They managed to get rid of most of the lake's water by making tunnels and sluices. However, the mud of the lake immediately hardened and the rain soon filled the lake again. They only find some gold objects that are then auctioned off to pay off investors.

In the following years, the interest in finding El Dorado seemed to be diminishing. Most people start to think that El Dorado might just be a legend. There is even one suggestion that the Indians who tell about El Dorado may have lied to distract the conquerors from their village.

However, a major clue appeared in 1969.

Two workers digging in a small cave near Bogota accidentally found a golden statue. It was a raft with a tribal chief and eight men pedaling on it....

The world's largest Anaconda is found in the Amazon

Sounds like one episode of the Indiana Jones adventure movie. After 23 years of research on 3000 years old ancient culture on three continents using the help of satellite imagery, a father and son traveled enormously deep into the jungle of the Amazon jungle to confirm their theory that Anaconda Giant is much larger than it ever was known to live in amazon jungle

Mike Warner (73) and his son Greg (44) discovered a snake called 40 meters long with a body diameter of 2 meters. This snake has dwarfed all the giant snake ever known so far.

This anaconda body color is not green but dark brown and is known by locals as "Boa Hitam" or "Yacumama". "Yacumama is translated as" Mother of the Waters ", its wilderness jungle, and the presence of this snake has been confirmed by the history and culture of the Amazon community.

Mike, the blind next door has spent 23 years researching this creature, but only 6 months ago he got an extra boost when his son found his research documents and decided to join this extraordinary research. Mike, who has saved his life for this expedition, went to Amazon with Greg in a small team.

The locals interviewed said that when the snake swam, the river water would shake violently and the snake could pounce on a monkey that was in the tree at lightning speed. They then took over 700 photos and 5 hours of video footage. After that they travel back home to examine the photos.

"The data we collect is incredible, we find many paths created when the snake moves.We see trees as tall as 90 feet fall by this snake, and most importantly, we managed to take a photo of one of these creatures when he Is moving in the water. " Greg said.

Their team spent 12 days in the wilderness in March 2009 and announced their discovery on May 2, 2009.

Reports on the existence of a giant anaconda snake can be traced back to 1906 when the colonel Percy Fawcett who was sent by the Royal Geographical Society to create a map of the Amazon jungle found a footprint of anchors as wide as 6 feet, or about 1.8 meters. And according to Greg, Fawcett's colonel record has helped him find the giant snake.

Greg said, "The real hero is my father, he spent 23 years researching the existence of this snake and is determined to succeed when others are desperate."

Now they have shared their findings with the Peruvian Government, the National Geographic Society in Washington and Queens University in Belfast. And they plan to return to the forest again to find another giant sonacon

Rare white turtles found in China

It may look like a turkey that has just been skinned and ready to be roasted. But this unique animal is actually a very rare albino turtle. The turtle is found on the banks of the yellow river in Henan province, China.
White turtles have their own place in Chinese culture. The classic "trip west" novel that tells the story of Sun Go Kong and his friends once told of a god turned into a great white turtle after making a mistake.

However, unlike the characters in the novel, this white turtle is only 40 cm long and weighs 6.5 kg. His body is white and decorated with faded pink spots.

THE AVATAR CARTOON MADE IS AVAILABLE FROM DAJJAL STORY

Cartoon Movie Avatar: Legend of the Aang (in the US name Avatar: The Last Bender) is one of the most demanded cartoons, not only in Indonesia but also in other countries. Of the children who talk if it is still difficult, until the fathers who have some hair have started to whiten. Only, I have never heard of grandparents who like to watch Avatar.

The cartoon Avatar series adopts many of the cultural arts, customs, and mythology of the Asian continent in the creation of its fiction. Avatar also mixes philosophy, language, religion, martial arts, clothing, and culture from Asian countries such as China, Japan, Mongolia, Korea, India, and Tibet. This could be possible because the crew from the Avatar series series themselves employed a cultural consultant, Edwin Zane, to check the script of the story.

Etymologically, the term Avatar comes from Sanskrit (Avatāra) which literally means "to descend," or in the broad sense it means "The Coming of the Fair Queen", just as Maranatha is in Catholicism. In Hindu mythology, the gods manifest themselves as superhuman by falling incarnate into the world to restore equilibrium in the earth, after experiencing a time of extreme evil. The incarnation of this god, the last rescuer, is called the Avatar.

Later, there are states that the Avatar series contains a hidden mission for the benefit of the Dajjal. Quite possibly, this judgment departs from the recognition of Sai Baba, the eccentric man of Khurasan whom some consider to be the embodiment of the Dajjal in the 21st century, who indeed claimed to be the Avatar (the Savior). True or not Sai Baba a Dajjal, wallahu'alam bishawab.
There is also about the hidden mission of the Avatar cartoon series, it can be true and it can not. But given the Avatar included in the film cartoon network Holywood (Nickelodeon), apparently it needs to be further criticized. Because, Hollywood films are never free of value, always contain strange isms.

Wes Penre, one of the US artists who woke up rock bands in the US in the 1980s, said that if Walt Disney's out-of-the-box series seem to be safe, it actually contains teaching to small children about the world Magic and black magic that endanger the faith. Wes Penre has been converted and is now actively enlightening the United States and the world about the dangers of Hollywood products.
About the danger of whether or not the Avatar series really needs a more serious search. But certainly, soap operas made in Indonesia are ridiculous, away from the reality of the lives of our people, teach a lot of violence, get used to the pattern of life courtship (even the month of Ramadan yesterday there is a soap opera women wearing the veil but still dating! Naudzubillah!), And show Extraordinary wealth, this is far more dangerous in terms of aqidah. It is as if the success of life in this world is solely measured by how much we have accumulated wealth, not necessarily asking where it came from, no matter if it impoverishes others...?

Introduction of simple business and home networks

Setting up a network is a great way to use more of your computer, and to have fun with them. With network, you can:

• Sharing an Internet connection between multiple computers
• Sharing files between computers.
• Use a printer connected to a different computer.
• Play digital TV, video, and music recordings stored on your computer.

A. How to Create a Computer Network

        To create a network between computers there are two types of networking ways, among others:

1. LAN network, that is network by using cable and some tools like Hub

To make Lan network, you have to prepare some equipments like

• UTP cable
• Rj45 connector
• Tang Krimping
• Test Signal
• Hub

• Prepare UTP cable according to cable length you need (max 100 m)
• Then peel the UTP cable at both ends (Be careful not to tear the small cable inside so it happens shorting)
• Sort the cable according to function (Stright or Cross)
• Set up Rj 45 Connector
• Flatten the small cables, then insert them into the RJ45 connector
• Then Press with Tang Krimping
• Do the same on the other end.
• Perform Test Testing with Test Signal tool, whether the cable connection is correct as expected.

2. WiFi Network (Wireless) is a wireless network, using Wifi Swich

• ADSL Modem with WIFI hub switch when you are using ADSL Modem
• Computer with WIFI Hub Switch, if you are using a USB Modem where your Ethernet card functions as a Router.

B. Internet Connection

1. Provider (Telephone / RF Cable) -> ADSL Modem -> Hub -> PC Server and Client

• Internet providers via telephone or RF cable will send a signal to the customer
• In order for Analog signal from Provider to be changed to Internet signal must use ADSL modem.
• ADSL Modem will change the analog signal from profider and outpunya connected to hub
• From the Internet signal hub is shared and connected to PC Server and All PC Client
• The PC Server function for this network system does not control the use of the Internet to the Client, but only controls the sharing of Files and printers.
• The Controlling Division of the Internet in this way is entirely the ADSL Modem acting as the Router

2. Provider (Telephone / RF Cable) -> ADSL Modem -> Wireless Switch Hub -> hub -> PC Server and Client

• Internet providers via telephone or RF cable will send a signal to the customer
• In order for Analog signal from Provider to be changed to Internet signal must use ADSL modem.
• ADSL Modem will change the analog signal from profider and outpunya connected to Wireles Switch Hub by using Cross cable
• From Wireles Switch Internet signal Hub Connected to Hub for Clent PC and Server using UTP cable network and share internet signal via Wireless to computer using WiFi
• The PC Server function for this network system does not control the use of the Internet to the Client, but only controls the sharing of Files and printers.
• The Controlling Division of the Internet in this way is entirely the ADSL Modem acting as the Router

3. Provider (Telephone / RF cable) -> ADSL Modem -> Ethernet Card 1 PC Server -> Bridge -> Ethernet Card 2 PC Server -> Hub -> PC Client

• Internet providers via telephone or RF cable will send a signal to the customer
• In order for Analog signal from Provider to be changed to Internet signal must use ADSL modem.
• From ADSL Internet Modem signal is forwarded to Ethernet Card 1 PC Server using UTP cable with Stright connection
• To connect Ethernet card 1 to Ethernet Card 2 on PC Server Bridge setting is done so that Internet signal forwarded by Ethernet Card 2 PC Server.
• The Lan output from Ethernet Card 2 is connected to the Hub, and from the hub connected to the entire PC Client.
• In this system Ethernet Card 2 acts as a router, so PC Server can completely control file sharing, printer and Internet sharing to PC Client

C. IP Settings

In order for a computer network connection, whether data sharing, printer or internet, you have to set up IP address of each computer, there should be no same IP in one computer network which will cause disruption of computer network

How to Install Laptop

How to install laptop
1. Go to bios menu, then select the boot menu, make sure the boot device is in the first position is your CD / DVD ROM, so that when booting directly to the Windows CD and then continue to install the Laptop.

2. Go to Advance menu then select Sata mode (usually name is different)
SataAchi: to install windows 7 or Vista laptop
IDENATIVE: to install Windows Xp laptop

4.Kemudian select save and exit, Do not forget to enter the Windows CD then Restart!

5. Wait a while until it says Booting from cd press any key to enter (Enter key can also: D) will happen load dr cd process!

6. When finished will appear blue screen with 3 options Press Only Enter.

Go to how to install step 7 laptop

7.Then it Press F8 to approve the license.

9.Press C to create a new partition on harddisk and Enter to install.

10. input the number of hard drives that will be shared (suggestion for it to be half-half)

11. Then press enter and select NTFS file system (Quick) or FAT file system (Quick) then press Enter.

12 wait a while because windows is copying installation files to the hard drive. If it will restart itself

13.You have succeeded Knowing how to install laptop so far, now input the name and organization then next

14.Modeukan Serial number of your windows number.

15. Set your password

16. set your computer's time settings!

17. how you managed to fully know how to install laptop.

How to install laptop completed

Uniqueness And Gayo Coffee Features

One of the uniqueness and specialty Gayo Coffee is located on the taste and aroma. Gayo coffee has a varied taste, because the location of soil, water content, and soil conditions in the Gayo highlands tend to vary. Although different but it does not mean the quality is also different, it just tastes more varied so that enriched the taste of this Gayo Coffee. In addition, Gayo Coffee also has a very distinctive aroma and different from other coffee aroma. This is what makes Gayo Coffee more superior than other types of coffee.

Gayo Coffee Processing Process

Gayo Coffee Processing is always done with caution and full of perseverance to produce the best quality coffee, ranging from the selection process to the marketing process. At the time of harvest is not all coffee fruit plucked, because the selected coffee is a fruit that is cooked only, the fruit coffee that is red. After finishing picking then proceed with the pen using a special machine. Then after that done fermentation process.

In this fermentation process, coffee beans are washed with water that is completely clean. After the washing is then dried in the sun. This drying process should also be careful because the drying should not touch the ground. After that then proceed with hulling process and produce coffee peeled nail skin. Then dried in the sun again and done the process of greader tau seed selection based on quality. Then the coffee is ready for sale.

Gayo Coffee Flavor

In addition to its varied taste, Gayo Coffee also has a light taste and not too bitter like other coffees. It even feels a little tasteful so it gives a distinctive taste in this Gayo Coffee. The combination of unique taste and fragrant aroma would make Gayo Coffee is more complete. In addition, Gayo Coffee is also low in caffeine so it is still safe for consumption.

Gayo Coffee Sale Place

Gayo Coffee is one of Aceh's products that is quite famous, not only in Indonesia alone, but also out of the country. So for those of you who are outside of Aceh, can look for it in big stores in your city. However, if you are visiting or travel to Aceh, it is incomplete if you do not enjoy this coffee in the place of origin. In Aceh, this one coffee is not only sold in stores, but also many coffee shops that provide this one drink. In addition to easier, of course you can also enjoy the right blend of coffee that fits and favors from the community there.

A Brief History of Karate

Karate (空 手 道) is a martial art originating from Japan. Karate martial arts brought into Japan via Okinawa. This martial art was first called "Tote" meaning "Chinese hand." When karate entered Japan, Japanese nationalism was at its height, so Sensei Gichin Funakoshi changed the kanji of Okinawa (Tote: Chinese Hand) in Japanese kanji Become a 'karate' (Hand Empty) to be more easily accepted by Japanese society.Karate consists of two kanji.The first is 'Kara' 空 and means 'empty' And second, 'te' 手, means 'hand'. The two kanji together mean "empty hands" 空手 (pinyin: kongshou).

According to the Zen-Nippon Karatedo Renmei / Japan Karatedo Federation (JKF) and the World Karatedo Federation (WKF), which is regarded as the main style of karate:

1. Shotokan

2. Goju-Ryu

3. Shito-Ryu

4. Wado-Ryu

These four streams are recognized as the main Karate style for participating in the formation of JKF and WKF.

But the world's leading karate style is not just the four styles above that alone. Several major streams such as Kyokushin, Shorin-ryu and Uechi-ryu are widespread to various countries of the world and are known as the famous Karate stream, though not included in the "big 4 WKF".

In Japan, the organization that embodies the Karate sport throughout Japan is JKF. The organization that embodies Karate all over the world is WKF formerly known as WUKO - (World Union of Karatedo Organizations). There is also ITKF (International Traditional Karate Federation) which accommodate traditional karate. The function of JKF and WKF is primarily to affirm Karate which is "without direct contact", in contrast to the flow of Kyokushin or Daidojuku "direct contact".

Basic karate exercises are divided into three as follows:

1. Kihon, that is exercising basic karate techniques such as hitting, kicking and parrying techniques.

2. Word, that is the practice of stance or karate flower.

3. Kumite, ie a sparring or sparring exercise.

In present day karate can also be divided into traditional flow and the flow of sport. The traditional flow is more emphasizing the martial arts and combat techniques while the sporting flow is more heavily employed for sports competitions...?

HISTORY OF THE PENCAK SILAT IN INDONESIA

Once in the days of our ancestors, the Indonesian nation has had a way to defend itself from the ferocity of nature. They created martial arts by mimicking animal movements such as apes, tigers, snakes or birds. It is also possible to develop from the skills of indigenous Indonesians in hunting and warfare using tools.

According to the Wikipedia site, pencak silat is expected to spread to the archipelago since the 7th century AD. Although its origin can not be determined exactly. Major kings such as Sriwijaya and Majapahit are said to have great swordsmen who master the martial arts.According to expert researcher silat Donald F.Draeger argues that the evidence of martial arts can be seen from various artifacts of weapons found from the classical period of Hindu-Buddhist and relief sculptures containing the attitude of silat martial arts in Prambanan and Borobudur temples. Whereas in the opinion of Sheikh Shamsuddin that there are The influence of martial arts from China and India in silat.Sejak early Malay culture has gained influence from the culture brought by the merchants and migrants from China.

The development of silat is influenced by the spreaders of Islam in the 14th century dinusantara.kala martial arts are taught together with religious lessons in Surau or Pesantren, silat also become part of spiritual practice.Dalam diverse tribes in Indonesia pencak silat is An indispensable part of the adatya ceremony

Silat then developed from martial arts and folk art dance, became part of the education of defending the country to face foreign invaders. In history against Dutch colonialism recorded many of the warriors who took up arms such as Sultan Agung, Prince Diponegoro, Cut Nyak Dien and many others .

Realizing the importance of developing the role of Pencak Silat then it is necessary to have a national organization, which can tie the flow of Pencak Silat that exist throughout indonesia.pada 18 May 1948 formed the Indonesian Pencak Silat Association or abbreviated IPSI.IPSI recorded as the oldest martial arts organization in the World.

Some National Silat Organizations

1.IPSI (Pencak Silat Association of Indonesia)

A parent organization that serves pencak silat in Indonesia

2.PESAKA (martial arts association of malaysia)

A parent organization of martial arts in malaysia

3.PERSIS (SECURITY OF SINGAPORE SILAT)

An organization that performs pencak silat in singapore

4.PERSIB (BRUNEI DARUSSALAM SILAT COMMUNITY)

Diego Maradona: From Street Children to Mega Star

When talking about this one World Cup legend player, one would recall a controversial goal that he called "God's Hand Gol" and "Best Goal Throughout World Cup History" he scored in just one game.
Two very contradictory, ugly and extraordinary things, which merge into one, which may also represent his personality. Maradona is a figure that can not be forgotten lovers of universal football.
However, there are still many people eager to know who is the greatest of the two big names: Pele or Maradona? So how did the poor boy walk his way of life to become one of the world soccer worlds megabintang?
Poor Boy from Villa Fiorito Diego Armando Maradona was born on 30 October 1960 in Villa Fiorito, a slum town located southeast of Buenos Aires City. He was born from a poor family who moved to the city from Corrientes Province. Maradona was the fourth of six children. Three of her sisters are all women. However, Maradona has two younger brothers, Hugo (el Turco) and Eduardo (Lalo). Both also have a career as a football player, although only with mediocre achievements.
In his childhood, like a child his age, Maradona was fond of playing football in the streets around his residence. However, there is something special about this child. His skill to play the ball has gone far beyond the ability of his age children.
At the age of 10, Maradona was discovered by a soccer talent scout while he was playing for a club in his neighborhood, Estrella Roja. Later, he became the goalkeeper of a junior team in Buenos Aires, namely at Argentinos Juniors. While still a child of this goal, he often showed his ability to play the ball on the sidelines of the game break time. Many people are amazed at the skill.
Boca Juniors entered At the age of 15, he made his debut with Argentinos Juniors club. Here, he played from 1976 to 1981. After that, he was transferred by the Boca Junior club in 1981-1982. In a way, this is the beginning he entered the world of football league.
Maradona's gait in Argentina's national team began when he was 16 years old. At the age of 18, he strengthened the Argentina team in the Junior World Championship and showed his outstanding talent. At that time, Maradona-led Argentina team toppled the Russian team in the final with a score of 3-1.
Maradona's career skyrocketed. In 1982, in Spain, he was first included in the World Cup with the senior national team of Argentina. However, at the 1978 World Cup has actually been a lot of Argentine public who want Maradona to strengthen the senior national team Argentina. However, Argentina coach, Cesar Luis Menotti, considered he was too young to appear in as loud and as tough as the World Cup.
After the 1982 World Cup championship, Maradona was then transferred by the Barcelona club. At that time, Barcelona coached by Cesar Luis Menotti, and won the Spanish Copa title. While with Barcelona, ​​for about a year, Maradona had suffered injuries from Athletic Bilbao players tackle, Andoni Goikoetxea.
In 1984, Maradona's turn was transferred by the Italian club Napoli. This is where he began to become a star player who revered his fans. When reinforced Maradona, Napoli indeed skyrocketed his achievements. The club won the Italian league (1986/1987 and 1989/1990), won the Copa Italia (1987), and took the top spot in the UEFA Cup (1989). In addition, Napoli also successfully became champion of the Italian Super Cup (1990). Maradona's club captain was also twice won the runners-up title in the Italian league.
Shine in Mexico
Maradona successfully brought the Argentine team into the 1986 World Cup champions in Mexico. In the final round, at that time Argentina won 3-2 over West Germany. In this tournament also two goals scored Maradona when Argentina against England in the quarter-final round made him famous. The first goal was the most controversial goal of World Cup history, while his second goal in the show really showed Maradona's unparalleled individual skills.
The first goal that eventually became the most controversial goal throughout the history of the World Cup was scored Maradona with the help of his hand. This is easily seen through the videotapes of the match. But, that time, the goal was passed referee. Later, Maradona called the goal "God's Hand Gol". The reason, according to Maradona, the goal involves "help" God so that the referee did not see it.
While the second goal scored Maradona in a way that is amazing. He brought the ball alone almost half the field. Then, he was also able to pass three English players before finally netted into the goal. This goal was voted "Best Score Throughout World Cup History" based on a polish

In the 1990 World Cup, Maradona still had time to lead the team Tango. He is also still believed to be the captain of the Argentine team who was then able to advance until the final round. However, then the Tango team was defeated by Germany 0-1.

At the 1994 World Cup, Maradona was included in the Argentina team. But, eventually he was discharged after a failed test on the use of doping. At that time, Maradona reasoned using doping (ephedrine) to lose weight in order to play in the World Cup, which, according to Maradona will feel bland without appearances on the field.

Leave Napoli

In 1992, Maradona left Napoli. Many of Maradona's memories in this city. In this city, for example, he also failed in the tests of drug use. In addition to proven to use cocaine, he was once suspected of having a relationship with the Italian mafia.Di Napoli is also Maradona battling a child named Diego Sinagra, who admitted is his biological child, with the mother of the child, Cristiana Sinagra. In 1993, this case must be brought to the green table in Italy.

After finishing his career at Napoli, he played in Sevilla FC (1992-1993), Newell's Old Boys (1993) and returned to play at Boca Juniors (1995-1997). Maradona had tried to become a coach. There are two clubs he has trained, Mandiyú of Corrientes (1994) and Racing Club (1995). But, as a coach he arguably did not work.

The wealthy and rising star finally resigned from football on October 30, 1997, right on his 37th birthday.

"I am the Diego"

Three years after his resignation, in 2000, Maradona published an autobiographical book entitled Yo Soy El Diego ("I am the Diego") which immediately became a best-selling book throughout Argentina. In that year he was also voted in a poll on the internet as "Player of the Century". But, apparently, FIFA then held a similar election won by Pele. Maradona was very disappointed with it.

In 2002, goals scored by Maradona against England in 1986 were voted "Best Goals Throughout World Cup History" in a poll organized by FIFA.

In his personal life, Maradona married Claudia Villafane on 7 Nov 1989 in Buenos Aires. The marriage took place after Maradona had two children with her boyfriend, Dalma Nerea (born in 1987) and Giannina Dinorah (1989). In 2004, they divorced. After that the relationship Maradona and Claudia more as a relationship between friends. In June 2005, they traveled together to Napoli for a series of honors they would receive from the townspeople.

Undermined Drug Problems

Around the 1990s, Maradona's health condition deteriorated due to his addiction to illicit drugs. Many times he is reportedly seen in a number of drug dependency healing clinics. Whereas in 2001, he was mostly in Cuba and the country's ruling friend Fidel Castro.

Maradona had suffered from a liver disorder caused by over-doses of cocaine on April 18, 2004. He was then treated specifically and intensively at a hospital in Buenos Aires. After recovering, in May 2004 he returned to Cuba. In January 2005, Maradona was seen to be at a kliik in Colombia for a medical checkup. Then, March 6, 2005, he announced it had gone through an operation to lose weight.

The public spotlight on him, the public thirst for the star's news, does make the news hunters unceasingly chasing wherever Maradona goes. As a result, Maradona often threatens journalists who trail him with firearms. "They have interfered with my privacy," Maradona usually defended against the threat with the firearm.

Many people argue, who is really the greatest footballer between Pele and Maradona. Both parties have their respective arguments as strong as to support their choice. Thus, more contradictions are generated than a definitive conclusion.

Debate about this one may indeed never endless. To be sure, until now, Maradona is also always the target of newsmen. Because, what he did, he said, still want to be heard and seen the devotees scattered in all corners of the universe. Indeed, it is hard to forget Maradona.

Careers at the Club

-Argentinos Juniors (1976-1981): 166 games (scored 116 goals)

-Boca Juniors (1981-1982, 1995-1997): 71 games (35 goals)

-Barcelona (1982-1984): 58 games (38 goals)

-SSC Napoli (1984-1991): 259 games (115 goals)

-Sevilla (1992-1993): 29 games (7 goals)

-Newell's Old Boys (1993): 5 games (0 goals)

Careers in the Argentine National Team

-1977-1994: 91 matches, (34 goals)

-21 matches in 4 World Cups (1982, 1986, 1990, 1994)

-Picked Goal Scoring

Mourinho Complains ahead of Real Madrid Vs Manchester United

Skopje - Manchester United manager Jose Mourinho complained about the weather in Skopje, Macedonia, which will host the European Super Cup match between the Red Devils against Real Madrid on Wednesday (9/8/2017).

"I know the weather in the Skopje region and after returning from the United States, I always practice four o'clock in the afternoon in Manchester," he said, quoted from the club's official website.

"I do that for Manchester United players to adapt to the time difference (Europe and the United States), but unfortunately, in Manchester it always rains," said Mourinho added.

The Portuguese manager said the weather is not just a major problem MU. Real Madrid are also believed Mourinho has the same problem.

"It's also a challenge for Real Madrid but I'm sure they've adapted well," he said.

MU and Real Madrid have recorded 10 times a match in its history. Los Blancos recorded four wins, while Manchester United bagged two wins. The rest of the two matches ended in a draw.

5 Explanations Why The Batak and Karo Tribes Are Far Different

1. Batak people come from Batak King. The Karo people believe that their ancestors were differen

When we talk about the Batak people, we will no doubt talk about one of the tribes in Indonesia. What I know, Batak is nothing of the sort. For example Batak Toba, Mandailing, Pakpak, Simalungun, Angkola, and Karo.

But the Karo people themselves do not like the call Batak ditujukkan on them. The reason, Batak people and Karo people have different ancestors. If the Batak people are those who are descended from the Batak King, the Karo people themselves believe that they are from the kingdom of Aru whose king is called Pa Lagan - a typical Karo name.

2. Karo language is not Batak language. So different, Karo people and Batak people will not be able to understand the language of each other

This is the most prominent reason when Karo people do not want to be called Batak people, because basically they have a very much different language. Although both languages are still one protoaustronesia family, Karo people will not understand if Batak people speak Batak, vice versa.

For example, if we want to ask 'Where are you going?' In Karo, this will be 'Kuja kam e?' While in Batak language, this would be 'Natu dia ho?'. Well, very much different is not it?

3. In addition, Karo and Batak have different characters and customs

Ketika saya bertanya kepada beberapa teman saya yang merupakan orang Karo mengenai alasan mereka tidak ingin disebut Batak, banyak yang menyebut adat istiadat atau karakteristik Batak dan Karo yang jauh berbeda.
Karo punya budaya yang unik dan mengikat. Siapa saja yang termasuk sebagai Karo akan terikat dalam sistem kekerabatan yang disebut Rakut Sitelu. Rakut Sitelu ini tentu saja tidak memasukkan orang-orang Batak seperti Batak Toba, Mandailing, dll. Jadi khusus untuk orang Karo saja.

4. Actually not only people Karo aja lho who are often reluctant to be called 'Batak'

If observed, the term Batak itself is actually more referring to the customs and culture of the Toba people who came from Tapanuli and the area in North Sumatra. So not only Karo, many Mandailing people who are less comfortable if called 'Batak'.

5. Sundanese is not Java although it lives on the same island. Karo also not Batak though both live in North Sumatra

Yup, so the expression of my friend who is a Karo. Actually, the Batak term itself can be very ambiguous and blurred, depending on where we look at it. But during this time most people associate Batak as Toba culture, which of course is not the same as Karo. It is natural that many Karo people do not feel part of the Batak.

In the end, hopefully this article can provide more insight into your understanding of the Karo and Batak people themselves, which is one of the largest ethnic groups in Indonesia. Not wanting to provoke you, because feeling different does not mean supporting division and conflict, is not it?

Army General (Anumerta) Ahmad Yani is one of the Heroes of the Revolution, the hero who died because of the rebellion G 30 S / PKI. He was born in Purworejo on June 19, 1922. When Elementary School, he studied at HIS in Bogor. He completed it in 1935. Then he continued his junior high school at MULO class B Afd. Bogor until 1938 which then forwarded to AMS part B Afd. Jakarta. But in this high school he could not finish it (only until grade 2) because the Dutch East Indies government announced a militia.

Ahmad Yani who has not graduated from high school then interested in military world and register to Military Topographic Service located in Malang area, East Java which then continued keintensifannya in Bogor area. This is the beginning of Ahmad Yani's career in the military field. He graduated from military education with the rank of Sergeant.

When Indonesia was invaded by Japan in 1942, Ahmad Yani enrolled to attend Heiho education in Magelang, Central Java. He then joined the PETA (Pembela Tanah Air) branch of Bogor.

During the war of independence, Ahmad Yani also many contributed. His services are like he managed to confiscate Japanese weapons in Magelang. When TKR was born, he was made Komandann TKR for Purworejo. At the time the Dutch launched their first Military Aggression, Ahmad Yani along with troops managed to stem the Dutch attack in the Pingit area. When the Second Aggression, he was also orbited by being appointed Commander Wehrkreise II to guard the Kedu region.

When the DI / TII rebellion erupted, Ahmad Yani was assigned to overcome the rebellion in Central Java. Together with the Raiders Fortress, finally DI / TII was defeated. After the task was completed, he returned to the Army Staff.

To further deepen his knowledge in military, in 1955 Ahmad Yani was sent to America to study at Command and General Staff College in Fort Leaven Worth, Kansas, USA for nine months. A year later he went on a two-month military school in England to take the Special Warfre Course.

When there was a PRRI rebellion in West Sumatra in 1958, Ahmad Yani, then a Colonel, was asked to become Commander of the August 17 Operation Command, which then led the crackdown.

Because of his services and achievements, in 1962, Ahmad Yani was appointed by President Soekarno to become Minister / Commander of the Army.

Become a Target G30S / PKI

In political view, Ahmad Yani did not agree and was always opposed to the PKI. When the PKI attempted to form the fifth army of armed laborers, Ahmad Yani immediately rejected it. This is the reason until he was included in the target of kidnapping and killing by the PKI in 1965.

Together with the other seven army officers, he was kidnapped and killed and his body was inserted into an old well in the Lubang Buaya area through a G30 S / PKI rebellion operation.

Chronology, when dawn on October 1, Ahmad Yani was shot in front of his bedroom. After a search on the next day, Ahmad Yani's body was then buried in honor at Kalibata Hero Cemetery, South Jakarta.

He, along with the seven officers who became victims of the PKI's ferocity, was later named the Revolutionary Hero and his rank was raised posthumously in the beginning of Lieutenant General.

Biodata General Ahmad Yani:

Name: Ahmad Yani

Biography :

-HIS (at elementary school) Bogor, graduated in 1935

-MULO (junior level) class B Afd. Bogor, graduated in 1938

-AMS (SMU level) part B Afd. Jakarta, stopped in 1940

Military Education:

- Military education at the Military Topographic Service in Malang

-Heiho education in Magelang

- Defenders of the Homeland (PETA) in Bogor

-Command and General College Staff at Fort Leaven Worth, Kansas, USA, 1955

-Spesial Warfare Course in England, 1956

Career History

Last position: Minister of Commander of the Army (Men / Pangad) since 1962

Star of Honor:

-Liter RI Class II

-Star Sakti

-The Guerrilla Star

-Study of Independence Independence I and II

-Satyalancana Kesetyaan VII, XVI

-Satyalancana G: O.M. I and VI

-Satyalancana Sapta Marga (PRRI)

-Satyalancana West Irian (Trikora)

-Ordenon Narodne Armije II Reda Yugoslavia (1958)

Brief History of Cut Nyak Dien..

    Cut Nyak Dien was born in 1848 from a noble family of Aceh. From his father's line, Cut Nyak Dien is the direct descendant of the Sultan of Aceh. He married Teuku Ibrahim Lamnga at the tender age of 1862 and had a son.

    When the Aceh War widened in 1873, Cut Nyak Dien led the war on the front lines, against the Dutch who had more weapons. After years of fighting, his troops were urged and decided to flee to a more remote area. In the battle of Sela Glee Tarun, Teuku Ibrahim was killed.

Nevertheless, Cut Nyak Dien continued his struggle with a fiery passion. Incidentally during the funeral of her husband, he met with Teuku Umar who later became husband and fellow struggle.

Together, they rebuilt the power and destroyed the Dutch headquarters in a number of places. However, the weight test was again felt when on February 11, 1899, Teuku Umar died. Meanwhile, the Dutch - who know Cut Nyak Dien's troops are weakening and can only avoid - continue to pressure.

     As a result, Cut Nyak Dien's physical and health conditions have declined, but the fighting has remained. Seeing such conditions, his warlord, Pang Laot Ali, offered to surrender to the Netherlands. But Cut Nyak Dien is angry and insists to keep fighting.

Eventually Cut Nyak Dien was captured and to avoid his influence on the people of Aceh, he was exiled to Java, precisely to Sumedang, West Java. In the place of exile, Cut Nyak Dien who is old and has impaired eyesight, teaches religion. He kept his identity alive until the end of his life.

He died on November 6, 1908 and was buried in Sumedang. His grave was only known for certain in 1960 when the Aceh Government deliberately conducted a search. Cut Nyak Dien's struggle made a Dutch writer, Mrs. Szekly Lulof, amazed and held her "Queen of Aceh".....?

History of Dutch Colonialism in Indonesia from Beginning to End

The beginning of the arrival of the Netherlands to the State of Indonesia1956 is the beginning of the arrival of the Netherlands to the State of Indonesia. Four ships led by Pieter Keyzer and Cornelis de Houtman reached the port of Banten after traveling for over a year. Unfortunately, the visit from this Dutch ship to the Banten area was less welcomed due to the arrogant nature shown by Cornelis de Houtman. Then two years later, precisely in 1958 the Dutch tried again back to Indonesia under the leadership of Jacob Van Neck, and they were welcomed by the Banten rulers at that time because they had learned from the mistakes of Cornelis de Houtman. Finally, the Dutch are allowed to trade in the port area of ​​Banten. The original aim of the Netherlands was to trade spices, but after they had gained abundant profits and discovered the spice source, the Dutch began to trade and trade Dutch colonialism in Indonesia began.

History of the Establishment and Dissolution of Dutch VOC in Indonesia

On March 20, 1602, the Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC abbreviated was established by the Netherlands which is a trade body or company with monopoly rights to trade in the Asian region. VOCs based in Batavia (now Jakarta) are also called by the name of the East India Company because they want to compete with a company founded by the British named VWC which has the nickname as the East India Company. The objectives of the VOC establishment are as follows:

1. Trying to control both the important ports and the kingdoms in the territory of Indonesia.

2. Conducting trade monopoly.

3. Overcoming the existing competition between Dutch merchants and other European traders.

The VOC trade monopoly was conducted in a violent manner against the population that originated from the spice-producing regions of Indonesia. In addition, they also prohibit and threaten non-Dutch people if they wish to trade with locals from the spice-producing regions. For example, when the Banda population tried to sell nutmeg seeds to England, the Dutch attacked and killed all residents of Banda. Finally, the Dutch decided to fill the Banda region with slaves and other workers to produce nutmeg seeds. Because of the act of the VOC, they must face political problems and fight against leaders in the areas of Banten and Mataram.

In 1799, the VOC, which experienced many problems and eventually went bankrupt. Here are the reasons for VOC dissolution:

    Many VOC employees are not very good at controlling the monopoly of trade, in addition they are also many who do corruption.

    VOC debt is increasingly piling up due to the war with the UK and also the people of Indonesia itself.

    The rulers are declining morally as a result of the monopoly system.

    Many VOC warriors are killed in battle.

    The mandatory rules and obligations submitted to fill the VOC's cash did not work properly.

For the reasons above, the history of Dutch colonialism in Indonesia through the VOC ended.

In 1799, the VOC, which experienced many problems and eventually went bankrupt. Here are the reasons for VOC dissolution:

    Many VOC employees are not very good at controlling the monopoly of trade, in addition they are also many who do corruption.
    VOC debt is increasingly piling up due to the war with the UK and also the people of Indonesia itself.
    The rulers are declining morally as a result of the monopoly system.
    Many VOC warriors are killed in battle.
    The mandatory rules and obligations submitted to fill the VOC's cash did not work properly.
For the reasons above, the history of Dutch colonialism in Indonesia through the VOC ended.
The beginning of the establishment of the Dutch East Indies Government in IndonesiaThe French emperor Napoleon Bonaparte raised Louis Bonaperte as emperor of the Netherlands. Then after being appointed King, Louis Bonaparte appointed Herman Willem Daendels as governor-general for Indonesia. His job was to organize the Indonesian government, to defend against British troops against Java, and to manage financial problems. However, under his rule Daendels has violated the law by selling state-owned land to private persons. Therefore, by order of Napoleon Daendels withdrawn from his post. But before Daendels was withdrawn, during his reign Daendels had much harm to the people of Indonesia and the misery of the people. He exploits both natural wealth and Indonesian labor.
The position of the Indonesian governor-general has undergone several changes. After Daendels then the governor general Janssens turn to power and when Indonesia entered the government of Van Den Bosch in which the system of forced cultivation was run that led to poverty, and hunger of the people of Indonesia. On the other hand, the Netherlands has many advantages in the financial sector due to the system of forced cultivation.
When the system of forced cultivation is abolished then the emergence of open door politics where foreign investment is allowed. Although forced cultivation has been abolished, the fact that open door politics still causes suffering for the people of Indonesia. This triggered the resistance of the Indonesian people in various regions such as Diponegoro war, Bali war, Pader war, Banjar war, Aceh war, Farmers Protest Movement, and so on. As more and more people against the Dutch colonial Dutch in Indonesia began to signify the end.
The end of Dutch Indies Colonization in IndonesiaThe Dutch colonization of Indonesia really ended when the Japanese government launched the attack. On February 27, 1942 the Japanese army managed to defeat the combined fleet of the United States, England, the Netherlands, and Australia. Later, under the leadership of Lt. Gen. Hitoshi Imamura, the Japanese army began to set foot on Java Island. There Lieutenant General Hitoshi Imamura threatened to attack the Dutch if not immediately surrender. In the end after the continuous defeat of the Japanese, Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer as the Dutch East Indies General surrendered and was arrested. This is a sign of the beginning of the Japanese colonial period in Indonesia as well as the end of Dutch colonial history in Indonesia.